ഫല വൃക്ഷങ്ങൾക്ക് നഷ്ടമായ ശേഷിയും കായ്‌ഫലവും തിരികെ ലഭിക്കാനുള്ള ഒരു തരം ചെറുപ്പമാക്കൽ പ്രക്രിയയാണ് മരങ്ങളിലെ പുനർ യൗവന പ്രക്രിയ (Rejuvenation therapy in trees / Rejuvenation technology in trees).
പ്രായാധിക്യം കൊണ്ടോ, ഗുണമേന്മ ഇല്ലാത്തതോ, രോഗവാഹികളായ മര ചില്ലകളെ വെട്ടി ഒഴിവാക്കി സസ്യ സംരക്ഷണ മുറകൾ പാലിക്കുന്നു. ഈ പ്രക്രിയ വഴി മരങ്ങളിൽ കാണുന്ന പരാദ സസ്യമായ ഇത്തിൾക്കണ്ണിയും(Parasite/ Loranthus) സൂര്യപ്രകാശത്തെയും, വായു സമ്പർക്കവും തടസ്സപ്പെടുത്തുന്ന മരവാഴയും, പന്നൽ മുതലായവയും ഒഴിവാകുന്നു.
മരങ്ങളുടെ ഉയര കൂടുതൽ കൊണ്ടുള്ള വിളവെടുപ്പ് പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ ഈ റിജുവിനേഷൻ തെറാപ്പി എന്ന ടെക്‌നോളജി മൂലം ഏറെ സഹായകമാകുന്നു. കൂടാതെ അടുത്ത പറമ്പിലേക്ക് വളർന്ന് നിൽക്കുന്നവയും വൈദ്യുതി കമ്പിയിൽ മുട്ടി നിൽക്കുന്നവയിലും ഈ ക്രിയ ചെയ്ത് മരത്തെ സംരക്ഷിച്ച് നിർത്താവുന്നതാണ്.
മാവ് (Mango tree / Mangifera indica) ചില രോഗവും പ്രശ്നങ്ങളും
1. Bacterial diseases
2. Bacterial leaf spot on mango
3. Blight diseases
4. Termites attack mango tree
5. Mango fruit fly
6. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)
7. Bacterial black spot (Xanthomonas campestris)
8. Powdery mildew and Anthracnose Fungus
9. Mango scab
10. Bacterial canker
11. Bacterial fruit rot
12. Alternaria leaf spots
13. Black-banded diseases
14. Black mildew
15. Black mold rot
16. Black rot
17. Blossom blight
18. Blue mold
19. Branch canker
20. Branch necrosis
21. Cerato cystitis wilt
22. Charcoal fruit rot
23. Charcoal root rot
24. Crown rot
25. Crusty leaf spot
26. Curvularia blight
27. Dieback
28. Felt fungus
29. Fruit rot
30. Gall
31. Gray leaf spot
32. Henderson rot
33. Leaf blight
34. Leaf spot
35. Macrophomina rot
36. Mango malformation
37. Macro rot
38. Mushroom root rot
39. Phoma blight
40. Phyllostica leaf spot
41. Pink disease
42. Powderly mildew
43. Rhizopus rot
44. Root rot
45. Scab
46. Seed root
47. Stem canker
48. Stem end rot
49. Stem gall
50. Trunk rot
51. Verticillium wilt
52. White sooty blotch
53. Wood root (Fungal disease)
54. Ant attack in a mango tree
55. Mango tree stem borer
56. Mealy bug attack
57. Mango tree tender leaves attack
58. Scale insect attack mango tree
59. Parasite (Loranthus) in a mango tree
Rejuvenation therapy/ Rejuvenation technology is the process of pruning and after pruning management of the plants to make them productive by utilizing the existing root system for support and absorption and the existing limb/branch system to rebuild the productive canopy.
What is Senility?
Senility is a stage of the plant in which after a long span of continuous fruiting the ability of the branches or limbs and the whole tree to produce vigorous and efficient twigs having the capacity to bear the fruit is reduced.
Why rejuvenation of senile plants?
1. India is a leading fruit-producing country.
2. Fruit production in the country is an age-old enterprise.
3. A large acreage is under the systematic fruit plantation.
4. The low average productivity of orchards in India is attributed to the prevalence of senile orchards.
5. Hence rejuvenation is requested to improve the productivity of senile orchards.
Characteristics of senile orchards?
a. Predominance of long unfruitful branch and tip-bearing habit.
b. Reduction in the ability of a particular branch to produce vigorous and efficient twigs which can bear fruits.
c. Overcrowding of branches in the inner part of the canopy leads to restricted sunlight penetration.
d. Heavy incidence of pest and disease.
e. Drastic reduction in fruit yield, and appearance.
Principle of rejuvenation
1. Trees have latent buds on their limbs and branches which are activated to put forth new sprouts which ultimately form the canopy and fruiting area of the plant.
2. Improvement in root shoot; ratio.
Considerations for rejuvenation
a. Age of the plant
b. The ability of the species to coppice
c. A frame of the tree
d. Time and severity of rejuvenation
e. Post rejuvenation care
f. Transformation of rejuvenated juvenile shoots
g. Top working to change the variety
Advantages of Rejuvenation therapy/Rejuvenation technology in trees
1. Utilization of existing root system
2. Lowering the fruiting area which can be conveniently managed.
3. Creation of extra space for inter-cropping in the orchards.
4. The availability of a large amount of prune wood can provide additional income.
5. Enhancing the productivity of plant
Conclusion
1. Rejuvenation has been found successful in mango.
2. It is responding to the trees having strong shoot renewal and coppicing capacity.
3. Efforts should be made to improve the productivity of other fruit and plantation crops having similar growth habits.
4. In crops where young shoots have economic importance, rejuvenation practice should also be tried to improve their productivity.
Methodology and operation in mango trees
1. Marking and cutting of the trees.
2. Heading back and selection of main branches.
3. Pasting on cut ends.
4. New shoot initiation on rejuvenated trees.
5. Profuse shooting.
6. Thinning of shoots.
